Quṣayr ʻAmrah (ʻAmrah Castle) This site is 85km to the east of Amman on the international road between Amman and Al ʻUmarī (the Jordanian-Saudi border point), and about 25km before reaching the city of Al Azraq. Site coordinates: (31.80305N, 36.58458E) The site was built in the Umayyad period (around the second quarter of the 8th century AD) and early reference to it appeared in the records of pilgrims from the 17th century. The traveler U.J. Seetzen was the first to visit and mention the site in 1806, followed by the Swiss orientalist J.L. Burckhardt who visited it in 1812, while Alois Musil visited the site in 1900. UNESCO recognized the Qusayr ʻAmrah complex as a World Heritage Site in 1985, as it is a unique model and a rare witness to the effects of that period of the Islamic Age. 1. The Bath The bath building in the palace is the main archaeological building at the site because of its good condition, and that a large percentage of its original features are preserved. The bath has a unique fresco that cover its walls and still retain colors, the NE-SW building has a large entrance which overlooks the reception hall hence there is a water basin in the northeastern corner. The hall is divided into three equal width longitudinal corridors; each of which is covered with a cylindrical vault supported by two large, slightly pointed arches. To the south, the hall extends to what is called the “Throne Room”, which adjoins it, adjoined by two square small rooms on east and west, paved with mosaic. Both rooms have no windows, and are roofed by small cylindrical vaults. East of the main reception hall, a small door leads to the bath indoor three rooms, about 6m2 each, these rooms are respectively, the changing room (apodyterium), warm room (tepidarium), and hot room (caldarium). 2. Wall Paintings: The fresco in the bathroom are considered the most prominent feature of Qusayr ʻAmrah, it represents a testament to the visual art of the Umayyad period, therefore it is of great importance to understand early Islamic art and its development in terms of themes and techniques. The paintings show a rich and detailed iconographic collection of themes of the daily life of the palace’s residents, including caliphs, princes, and servants, also it includes hunting, rapture and amusement scenes, plus scenes from Greek mythology, Sasanian traditions, and Roman-Byzantine-style pictures. These pictures cover most of the walls of the bath. In the main hall, the paintings covering the entire area of the walls; from floor to ceiling in addition to the ceilings themselves, some paintings are also found in the bath indoor rooms, especially the painting of the Planetarium (Zodiac) in the hot room.